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Zhang Chi 張弛 (b. 1988) moved to Scotland in 2005 to study at the Duncan of Jordanstone College of Art and Design. As an ink painter and calligrapher, he adopts the medium of Chinese landscape painting to depict Scottish landscapes. He loosely takes inspiration from the shan shui 山水 (mountains and water) paintings of the celebrated literati painters of the Ming dynasty, Wen Zhengming 文徵明 (1470–1559) and Shen Zhou 沈周 (1427–1509).

“Traditionally, a Chinese brush painting would be painting the mountains and the landscape in China. But once I moved to Scotland I wanted more people to understand and appreciate this new traditional art form. So I decided to paint the landscape around us.” (Quoted from a BBC interview with Zhang Chi, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K7AgPvZVlM4)

Based in Edinburgh, Zhang has delivered lectures on Chinese art and conducted ink painting workshops at schools, clubs and other venues in Scotland. And his Chinese Landscape paintings have been displayed in the Scottish National Academy Building in 2012 and 2013.

Zhang creates a sense of harmony in his paintings of Scottish landscapes. He focuses on the interactions between the brush, ink and water to create a sense of harmony. Using black ink on white paper, Zhang turns empty space into a symbolic subject matter. For example, he never directly depicts water, but instead hints at its presence by painting reflections or boats. Yet he focuses on nature, when human figures are depicted in a smaller scale to signify their insignificance. Typical of Chinese paintings, there is no single vanishing point or light source in his paintings. Zhang depicts natural scenes in different layers, creating an unrealistic depiction of Scottish landscapes.

“In Chi’s current paintings, which focus on the Scottish landscape, he encapsulates the essence of his surroundings rather than a naturalistic rendering.” (Quoted from the artist’s website,  https://www.chizhangartist.com/gallery)

Zhang Chi, Arthur’s Seat, n.d., Ink on paper, 50 cm x 50 cm. Courtesy of the artist.

Zhang uses traditional Chinese materials and techniques for painting. His materials include black ink sticks, brushes, white paper and clear water. Zhang’s technique typically involves using calligraphy like brushstrokes to create an initial outline. He later uses a dotting technique to add further details, such as bushes and trees. Once done, he completes the painting through adding his personal seal in red. Through adjusting the pressure of the paintbrushes, Zhang creates different line thicknesses in his paintings. The brushstroke combinations include wet vs. dry, quick vs. slow, and heavy vs. light brushstrokes.

Zhang Chi, Edinburgh Castle, n.d.. Ink on paper, 20 cm x 20cm. Courtesy of the artist.

Selected exhibitions

  • June 2014 to October 2014: Chinese calligraphy introduction video for the Ming exhibition at the National Museum of Scotland
  • November 2014: Scotland ink painting exhibition at the Ocean Terminal, Edinburgh

Selected bibliography

BBC Scotland. “The Art of Chinese Brush Painting.” Accessed 16 July 2023, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K7AgPvZVlM4.

Confucius Institute for Scotland, University of Edinburgh. “Zhang Chi.” Accessed 16 July 2023,  https://www.confuciusinstitute.ac.uk/about-us/staff/zhang-chi/.

Grampian Hospitals Art Trust. “Creative Mobile Unit — Meet the artist Chi Zhang.” Accessed 16 July 2023, https://www.ghat-art.org.uk/creative-mobile-unit-chi-zhang/.

Zhang, Chi. “Chi Zhang.” https://www.chizhangartist.com/.